SLOPE STABILITY

1. The Problem (1 lecture)

Slopes in soils, in rocks, in peats, in saturated soils, in unsaturated soil, in dry soils, in quick clays, underwater slopes, earth dams, fill-in, draw-down, mechanically stabilized slopes. Show slides of failures

2. Monitoring and Remedial Measures (1 lecture)

Piezometers, suction measurements, inclinometers, survey points, load the toe, unload the crest, benching, strengthen the soil, reinforce the soil, decrease the pore pressure

3. Review on Shear Strength and Pore pressure/Suction Calculations (2 lectures)

Basic failure analysis, shear strength of unsaturated soils, saturated soils, steady state seepage: unsaturated, saturated

4. Failure Analysis for Soil Slopes (5 lectures)

Infinite slope analysis, basic mechanism and factor of safety definition, ordinary method of slices, modified Bishop method, other methods (Morgenstern-Price, Spencer-Wright), sliding block analysis and other non-circular analyses, computer programs (BISTAT, STABL, UTEX, SLOPE), chart methods.

5. Failure Analysis of Mechanically Stabilized Slopes and Walls (1 lecture)

Influence of metal inclusions, taking inclusions into account.

6. Risk Analysis (2 lectures)

Uncertainty of input parameters, coefficient of variation, calculating the probability of failure, acceptable risk for various types of slopes

7. Earthquake Analysis for Slopes (2 lectures)

Cyclic shear strength, equivalent static analysis

RETAINING WALLS

1. Basic Theories (5 lectures)

Coulomb theory, Rankine theory, active pressure, passive pressure, influence of friction, influence of geometry. deflection analysis

2. Gravity Walls (1 lecture)

Sliding, overturning, bearing capacity and settlement

3. Cantilever Walls (1 lecture)

Depth of embedment, bending moment

4. Tieback Walls (3 lectures)

Anchor loads, anchor capacity, depth of embedment, bending moment, deflections

5. Mechanically stabilized walls (2 lectures)

Reinforcement length, amount of reinforcement, stress in reinforcement, locus of maximum stress

6. Soil nailing (2 lectures)

Nail density, nail length, stress in nail, locus of maximum stress

Prerequisite: CVEN 365 or equivalent

Grade: 4 major assignments 70%

Final examination 30%

Text book: Hand-outs, computer programs, list of references

Assignments: All assignments must be turned in on time. Any late assignment will receive a grade of zero. Any assignment not turned in will lead to an F in the course. Assignments will be judge for presentation, English, and engineering content. All material including figures, tables and calculations must be computer generated. The assignment should be presented as a consulting report with a cover letter and an invoice.

REFERENCES ON SLOPE STABILITY and RETAINING WALLS

Prepared by JL Briaud

SLOPE STABILITY

1. Abramson L. W., Lee T. S., Sharma S., Boyce G. M., 1996, Slope Stability and Stabilization Methods, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New-York, New-York, pp 629.

2. Das B. M., 1998, Principle of Geotechnical Engineering, fourth edition, PWS Publishing Company, Boston, Massachussetts, pp 712. (chapter 13, Slope Stability, p 567-626)

3. Geotechnical Manual for Slopes, 1984, pp 295, prepared by the Geotechnical Control Office, Engineering Development Department, Hong-Kong, available from Publications Office, Information Services Department, Baskerville House, 2^nd floor, 13 Duddell Street, Hong-Kong.

4. Seed R. B., Boulanger R. W., editors, 1992, Stability and Performance of Slopes and Embankments-II, Volume 1 (pp 1-904) and 2 (pp 905-1553), Proceedings of a Specialty Conference held in Berkeley, California, published by ASCE as Geotechnical Special Publication no. 31, Reston, Virginia.

5. Goodman R. E., 1989, Introduction to Rock Mechanics, second edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New-York, New-York, pp 562. (chapter 8, Application of Rock Mechanics to Rock Slope Engineering, p 293-340).

6. Rock Slopes: Design, Excavation, Stabilization, 1989, Publication no. FHWA-TS-89-045, Federal Highway Administration, Research, Development, and Technology, Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, 6300 Georgetown Pike, McLean, Virginia, approx 300 pages.

7. Christian J. T., Ladd C. C., Baecher G. B., 1994, Reliability Applied to Slope Stability Analysis, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 120, no. 12, pp. 2180-2207, ASCE, Reston, Virginia.

8. Felio G. Y., Lytton R. L., Briaud J.-L., 1984, Statistical Approach to Bishop’s Method of Slices, Proceedings of the 9^th International Symposium on Landslides held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

9. Gray D. H., Leiser A. T., 1982, Biotechnical Slope Protection and Erosion Control, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New-York, New-York, pp 269.

10. Koerner R. M., 1994, Designing with Geosynthetics, third edition, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, pp 783.

11. Hoek E., Bray J., 1977, Rock Slope Engineering, second edition, The Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, London, England, pp 402.

12. Fang H.-Y., 1997, Introduction to Environmental Geotechnology, CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, Florida, pp 652, (chapter 16, Slope Stability of Earth Slopes and Landslides, p495-526).

13. RSS Reinforced Slope Stabillity- A Microcomputer Program- User’s Manual, Federal Highway Administration Publication FHWA-SA-96-039, available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia, http://www.fedworld.gov/ntis

14. Advanced Technology for Soil Slope Stability, Volume 1 and 2, Federal Highway Administration Publication FHWA-SA-94-005 and 006, available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia, http://www.fedworld.gov/ntis

15. Highway Slope Maintenance and Slide Restoration Workshop, Federal Highway Administration Publication FHWA-RT-88-040, available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia, http://www.fedworld.gov/ntis

16. Manual for Design and Construction of Soil Nail Walls, Federal Highway Administration Publication FHWA-SA-96-069, available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia, http://www.fedworld.gov/ntis

17. Soil Nailing for Stabilization of Highway Slopes and Excavations, Federal Highway Administration Publication FHWA-RD-89-198, available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia, http://www.fedworld.gov/ntis

18. Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes Design and Construction Guidelines, Federal Highway Administration Publication FHWA-SA-96-071, available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia, http://www.fedworld.gov/ntis

19. SLOPE/W version 4, computer program available from Geo-Slope International, Suite 1400, 633-6^th Avenue S.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2P 2Y5, http://www.geo-slope.com

20. RSS – Reinforced Slope Stability, computer program available from McTrans, University of Florida, Transportation Center, PO Box 116585, Gainesville, Florida, 32611-6585, http://www-mctrans.ce.ufl.edu

21. BISTAT, computer program available from Dr. Guy Felio, Head, Infrastructure Laboratory, Ottawa, Canada, K1A 0R6, T: 613-991-5354.

22. UTEXAS4, computer program available from Shinoak Software, 3406 Shinoak Drive, Austin, Texas, 78731, Attn: Dr. Stephen Wright.

23. XSTABL, computer program available from Interactive Software Design, Inc., 953 N. Cleveland Street, Moscow, Idaho, 83843, Attn: Dr. Sunil Sharma.

24. Cedergren H. R., 1967, Seepage, Drainage, and Flow Nets, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New-York, New-York.

25. Strack O. D. L., 1989, Groundwater Mechanics, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New-Jersey, 07632, pp 732.

26. Fredlund D. G., Rajardjo H., 1993, Soil Mechanics for Unsaturated Soils, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New-York, New-York, pp 517. (section 11.3, pp 320-345)

27. Ang A. H.-S., Tang W. H., 1975, Probability Concepts in Engineering and Design, Vol 1: Basic Principles (pp 409), Vol 2: Decision, Risk, and Reliability (pp 562), John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New-York, New-York.

28. Dunnicliff, J., 1988, Geotechnical Instrumentation for Monitoring Field Performance, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New-York, New-York, pp 577.

RETAINING WALLS

1. Bowles J. E., 1996, Foundation Analysis and Design, Fifth Edition, McGraw-Hill,

New-York, pp. 1175.

2. Hunt, R. E., 1986, Geotechnical Engineering Techniques and Practices, McGraw-Hill, New-York, pp. 729.

3. Briaud J.-L., 1992, The Pressuremeter, A.A. Balkema, Brookfield, Vermont, USA, pp 322.

4. Terzaghi K., Peck R.B., Mesri G., Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice, Third Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New-York, pp. 549.

5. Tschebotarioff G.P., 1973, Foundations, Retaining and Earth Structures, Second Edition, McGraw-Hill, New-York, pp. 642.

6. Fredlund D.G., Rahardjo H., 1993, Soil Mechanics for Unsaturated Soils, John Wiley and Sons, New-York, pp. 517.

7. Jumikis A.R., 1971, Foundation Engineering, Intext Educational Publishers, Scranton, Pennsylvania, pp. 828.

8. Weatherby D., 1998, Design Manual for Permanent Ground Anchor Walls, FHWA report no. FHWA-RD-97-130, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC, pp. 266.

9. Elias V., 1990, Durability/Corrosion of Soil Reinforced Structures, FHWA Report no. FHWA-RD-89-186, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC, pp. 173.

10. Manual for Design and Construction of Soil Nail Walls, FHWA Report no. FHWA-SA-96-069, Federal Highway Administration, Washington DC.

11. Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes Design and Construction Guidelines, FHWA Report no. FHWA-SA-96-071, Federal Highway Administration, Washington DC.

12. Briaud J.-L., Kim N.-K., 1998, Beam-Column Method for Tieback Walls, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 124, no. 1, ASCE, Reston Virginia, pp. 67-79.

13. Briaud J.-L., Lim Y., 1999, Tieback Walls in Sand: Numerical Simulation and design Implications, Journal of Geotechnical and Environmental Engineering, Vol. 125, no. 2, ASCE, Reston, Virginia, pp. 101-110.

14. Briaud J.-L., Lim Y., 1997, Soil Nailed Wall under Piled Bridge Abutment: Simulation and Guidelines, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 123, no. 11, ASCE, Reston, Virginia, pp. 1043-1050.

ASSIGNMENTS

Assignment #1